基施沼渣液替代化肥氮对葡萄产量及品质的影响

以氮元素含量为定量指标,设计1个全施化肥处理和5个基施沼渣液替代化肥氮处理,以期为大面积生产葡萄园基肥施用沼渣液技术的推广和应用提供一定的理论参考。研究结果表明,随着基施沼渣液替代化肥氮比例的增加,葡萄产量呈现先增加后下降的趋势,100%NZY处理产量最高,为18197.03 kg/hm ²;粒重和穗重呈现同样的变化趋势。随着基施沼渣液替代化肥氮比例的增加,萌芽至成熟天数、叶片SPAD值、新梢节间长、粗度、百叶鲜重及单叶面积等生长指标都呈现逐渐增加的趋势,其中以150%NZY处理最高,表现出成熟期延迟,贪青晚熟,从而影响产量。基施沼渣液替代化肥氮可改善葡萄果粒品质,以70%NZY和100%NZY处理较好。随着基施沼渣液替代化肥氮比例的增加,葡萄果粒重金属Cu、Zn和Pb含量均有所增加,Cr含量则有所下降,Cd和As含量无明显变化。各处理中葡萄果粒重金属含量均低于相应的污染物限量标准(GB 2762—2005)。因此,本研究认为,综合葡萄产量和品质指标,沼渣液替代100%化肥氮可作为葡萄园定量化基施沼渣液的参考。     

辣椒种质资源形态学性状相关性、主成分与聚类分析

以全国各地搜集的205份辣椒种质为试材,观测28个形态性状,并对其进行相关性、主成分和聚类分析研究。结果表明:辣椒形态学性状间存在较高相关性,单株果数、叶形、株型、果形、茎绒毛、花梗着状、熟性、花柱色是最关键的性状。6个主成分的方差累积贡献率为50.653%,暗示这28个性状代表了更多的性状改良方向。主成分归纳为形态因子、产量因子、熟期因子、色彩因子,呼应聚类分析的主要区分依据果形、单株果数、熟期和果色,将205份种质分成7类,有效区分了不同的品种。说明在改良形态性状时,按育种目标的要求选取主要性状,同时也要注意与其它性状间的关联。     

Attachment and growth of vegetative propagules of Chondria crassicaulis Harvey (Ceramiales,Rhodophyta) under various culture conditions

The red alga Chondria crassicaulis has a wide‐ranging bioactive chemical composition and is used as a local foodstuff, representing a potentially new cultivar in Korea. The cultivation techniques were developed by examining the monthly changes in frond weight in a field population of C. crassicaulis from November 2016 to October 2017. For seedling production, temperature and irradiance effects on the attachment and growth of vegetative propagules of C. crassicaulis were evaluated. In addition, effects of day length and salinity on the propagule growth were examined. C. crassicaulis is a year‐round species with a maximum frond wet weight of 817 mg observed in July 2017, as seawater temperature increases to 20°C. The attachment of vegetative propagules was significantly affected by temperature and irradiance, with maximal values detected at 20–25°C and 60 µmol photons m^?2 s^?1. The relative growth rates of vegetative propagules of C. crassicaulis were the highest at 20–25°C, 60 µmol photons m^?2 s^?1, and a salinity of 25 psu. In conclusion, due to its tremendous tolerance under variable environmental conditions, the vegetative propagules of C. crassicaulis can be used as seedlings for mass cultivation.     

茄子株高性状鉴定与遗传分析

以长茄高代自交系125 和126 构建的茄子6 个不同世代的遗传群体〔P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、 B₁（125×F₁）、B₂（126×F₁）〕 为试材，利用主基因+ 多基因混合数量性状遗传模型对茄子的株高性状进行多世代遗传联合分析。结果表明：供试亲本株高 性状差异显著，分离世代株高性状数值均呈单峰的偏正态分布，属于数量性状遗传。多世代遗传联合分析结果显示茄子株高 性状的最适遗传模型为C-0 模型，不存在主基因遗传效应，表现为多基因控制的加性- 显性- 上位性遗传模式。采用二阶 遗传参数进一步分析株高的多基因遗传效应，结果显示，茄子分离世代F₂、B₂ 的多基因遗传率分别为49.24%、22.77%，茄 子株高以多基因遗传为主。     

灰茶尺蠖触角感器的扫描电镜观察

使用扫描电子显微镜对灰茶尺蠖Ectropis grisescens成虫触角感器的种类、形态和分布进行了观察。结果表明:灰茶尺蠖触角上主要存在3种感器,分别为毛形感器(sensilla trichodea, ST)、刺形感器(sensilla chaetica, SC)和栓锥形感器(sensilla styloconica, SS)。感器的种类和分布在雌雄成虫触角上没有差异。     

三种融合标签对大熊猫轮状病毒结构蛋白VP6-VP7可溶性表达的影响

大熊猫轮状病毒(giant panda rotavirus,GPRV)是引起幼龄大熊猫腹泻的主要病原,对圈养大熊猫产生了较大的危害。轮状病毒结构蛋白VP6是一种载体蛋白,可介导黏膜免疫反应。VP7是轮状病毒结构蛋白中主要的中和抗原。因此,VP6-VP7的融合表达作为候选抗原对该病的防治具有重要的意义。传统大肠埃希菌原核表达存在表达量低、可溶性差以及纯度低等弊端。本研究使用醛缩酶(EDA)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)、麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)3种融合标签,以实现获得表达量高和纯度高的GPRV-VP6-VP7重组表达蛋白。将扩增的VP6、VP7基因片段利用同源重组酶构建到含3种融合标签的表达载体pET21b上,将重组质粒转化至大肠埃希菌Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞中进行低温诱导表达。用Ni-柱亲和层析法纯化目的蛋白,SDS-PAGE和Image J分析蛋白表达量和可溶性,Western blot分析得到表达的重组表达蛋白正确且具有蛋白活性。实验结果证明,EDA标签能显著促进VP6-VP7蛋白的原核可溶性表达,提高VP6-VP7蛋白表达量。     

Cigarette dust particles induced lung function injury of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mice

AIM: To investigate the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive disease (COPD) in mice by using nasal drip of cigarette dust particles (DSP) induced pulmonary function damage model.METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, LPS 100 mg/L group, DSP 0.75 mL/L group, DSP 1.5 mL/L group and DSP 3 mL/L group for 30 days. The method of nasal drip was used for 30 days to establish the COPD model. Rrs, Ers, Crs, Est, Cst, P-3/8Rn, P-3/8G and P-3/8H were measured for evaluating lung function of the mice in each group by the method of FlexiVent. The effect on the increase of airway resistance induced by methacholine (Mach) was determined using main bronchial rings by Myograph method. The HE, Masson and Resorcinol fuchsin staining of mouse tracheas and lung tissues were conducted. RESULTS: Continuous nasal drip with DSP for 30 days increased Rrs, Ers, Est, P-3/8Rn and decreased Crs, Cst, P-3/8G and P-3/8H in the mice. DSP significantly shifted the dose-effect curve of tracheal contraction induced by Mach to the left, increased the sensitivity of the airway to Mach, and significantly increased the maximal contractile airway effect of Mach. Exposure to DSP caused fibrosis of airway subepithelial, deposition of collagen in the airway basement membrane under the reticular plate, induced reticular plate thickening, pulmonary bronchial lumen serious deformation, and the inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung of mice. Significantly increased alveolar wall muscle fibers and collagen fibers were also observed. CONCLUSION: The lung function and pathomorphological changes of COPD mice induced by 30 days nasal drip of cigarette dust particles were similar to those of human COPD.     

新疆兵团主要植棉区机采棉田杂草调查

采用倒置“W”九点取样法对新疆兵团北疆、东疆主要植棉师蕾期、铃期棉田杂草进行调查。结果表明：北疆第六师、东疆第十三师机采棉田杂草主要有16科31种，其中禾本科杂草占16.1%，阔叶杂草占80.7%，莎草科杂草占3.2%；1年生杂草占64.5%，多年生杂草占35.5%。北疆第六师蕾期棉田优势杂草为龙葵、野西瓜苗、田旋花、灰藜，铃期优势杂草为龙葵、田旋花、灰藜。东疆第十三师蕾期棉田优势杂草为灰藜、反枝苋、狗尾草，铃期优势杂草为龙葵、灰藜、反枝苋、田旋花。不同地区、不同生育时期棉田优势杂草有所差异。研究结果将为新疆兵团机采棉田杂草的科学可持续防控提供重要依据。     

长江流域棉花减量简化一次性施肥技术研究

针对棉花常规施肥技术存在的施肥次数多、技术复杂、用量大、利用率低、中后期土壤追肥操作不便、施肥易受天气影响等问题，研究了主栽棉花品种营养特性，研制了易降解棉花专用缓控释肥缓控释包膜新材料、系列配方，创新了生产工艺，研制的专用缓控释肥实现了棉花减量简化一次性施肥，变革了棉花施肥技术，解决了常规技术中施肥集中期与干旱雨涝等灾害高发期重叠导致的无法追肥或肥害、从而减产的重大难题。与等养分常规施肥相比，应用该技术棉花单产增加 3.8%～14.1%、增效10.1%～25.5%；减少施肥用工50%以上，等产量情况下单位面积减少施肥11.2%～52.3%。以棉花减量简化一次性施肥为核心技术，建立了棉花绿色轻简高效栽培技术体系。